Pile and process of making same



Aug. 21, 1928.

Y .J. E. CONZELMAN PILE AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME Filed Jan. l5, 1926 A L n m\,\ v, ....1

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Patented Aug. 21, 1928.

UNITED STAT ES PATENT omet.' y

j JOHN CONZELMAN, or scorn PASADENAV, cAnFon-NA.

j PILE AND rao'cnss 0F 'MAKING SAME.'

Application filed january 15, 1926. *Serial No. 81,472.

Reinforced concrete piles have manymerits.

cent to the Waterline, where the pile is sub-I ject to the conjoint or alternate action of the sea Water and the air. The object of the present invention is to minimize the destructive action of the sea Water without undue eX-4 pense, and to provide a pile suitable for .use in 'sea water. The invontionconsists principally inmakingl a shell suitable for resisting.

the action of sea water and using said. shell as a part of the `form in which the pile 1s cast.

and as a permanent protector for the Water. line portion thereof. It also consists in the` pile and in the processof making the same hereinafter more fully describedand claimed In the accompanying' .drawingr` which forms part ofthis specification and wherein like.

numerals refer to like parts wherever they occur,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section ofa shell forming part of my invention; v t

Fin'. 2 is a cross-section thereof` on the line 2-2 of Fig. l;

Fig'. 3 is a ylongitudinal sectional viewof the shell witha `heavy coatingor layer of then dipping` the shell one or more times in asphaltic or bituminous matter;

Fig. i is a longitudinal sectional :view of aV pile together with the form-work in which it is cast;

Fig. 5 is across-section ofthe .finished pile;

onrthe line -bf-Fig. 6;

and

the shoulder of the body of thepile. n.

In carrying out my invention, ya hollow` shell of dense concrete .suitably reinforced with circumferential reinforcement 2 and longitudinal reinforcement 3 is rst made. The longitudinal reinforcement is preferably in the form of bars 3 that project beyond both ends thereof a suiicient distance to be firmly anchored in the concrete of the body portion of the pile, the end portions being preferably hooked to increase the efficiency of Suchanchorage. Y j

In use it is intended that this shell shall cross the normal range of the Water level as such level rises and falls with the waves and Fig. 6 is an elet-ation ofthe finished pile;

Y Fig. 7 is adetail view showing amodified theA shellvris to stiffen the pile by increasing itsmoment of inertia or resistance; and for thisreason the shell shouldbelarge enough to permit ordinary handling;r without breakH age.l After the pile is set in place7 any cracks` due to crossbending stresses are mostllikely. to develop. below'the shell where they are the least destructive. i 1

As this shell is exposed to the full brunt of the action of the sea water, it should be made. of densefconcrete whether or not. it is other,-V Wise especially treated toincrease its resistant qualities.` After such shell `has thoroughly hardened, it given a thickcoat. or coats of asphaltic yor bituminous matter 4' inside and outside. ,Preferably` this coating is effected by immersing the shell in asphalt cut or liquefied with gasoline, distillate or thelike at atmospheric temperature or in asphalt heated l asphalt is enabled tolill the pores of the concrete for an appreciable depth as Well as coat thesurface thereof. yThis initial coat is pref# erablythickened by permitting it to cool and liquid asphalt. The ends of said shell and especially` the projectingends of the reinforcedbarsare cleaned; and-then the shell thusthickly coated with asphalt is placed iusufficiently to make it quite fluid, whereby the i side of a suitable form-work or mold 5y in which the mainr body of the `pile is cast.

inthe construction'illustrated in Fig. 4,

the main portion of the mold is preferably of,

uniform diameter or of uniform taper from the top endete the shouldernearthe lower end, and the reinforced concrete shell lies inside of this main mold. The circumferential reinforcementG and the longitudinal reinforcementi' 'of the body portion of the pile are of any suitable type and are placed in the mold and embedded in the concrete in accordance with suitable practice. In' this way,

the concrete of the body portion of the pile thoroughly embeds andv anchors the portions of the longitudinal'bars 3 that project beyond the ends of the shell and causes the shell to contribute greatly to the strength of the pile Vin resisting cross-bending stress and other stresses due to handling.

In the operation of drying, the concrete of y l the body portion shrinks slightly longitudinally and thereby exerts considerable Acom-V pression against the ends .of the shell thus closing any circumferential cracksA that may have developed in said shell .and foriniiigja very tight joint between the ends of the shell and the circumferential .shoulders y8 :opposite said ends on the body portion of the pile.

\- Preferably fthe longitudinal reinforcing members of the pile project beyond the ftop end thereof and are adapted for cooperation withother structural elements. v

lVhile l have illustrated `the shell of the pile asofthe same outside diameter as the outside diameterof the Lbody portion ofthe pile above and below it, it is obvious that the outside diameter of such shell may be greater than that of thefbody portion, iii which `case C t-lie inside diameter of the shell may equa'l'the outside diam-eter of the body portions above and below it. n n

vObviously my pile has all the advantages of an ordinary pile of reinforced concrete together with special advantagesY of its own. For instance, the shell of especially dense 'con-- crete extends throughoutthek region that is subjectto the destructive action; of the saltwater and lis therefore as eflicient in resistingsuc'h action as if the entire pile were made of such :especially dense concrete. By limit` ing the effort to resist `the act-ion -of the water' to lthe region that isexposed to the-action of the water, the cost of the pile, which might otherwise be prohibitive, is brought within a practicable limit. Likewise such shell and its reinforcement are located where they greatly increase the strength ofthe pile; and by limiting the length of the shell, the effect of crossbending stresses is `to a large extent confined to the region below the shell'where cracks lare of relatively slightimportance. The making of the resistant portion lof the pile inthe formof a hollow shell issiniple and eilicient; and the casting of the 'body portion `of 'the pile in and around the ends of 4said shell, after the same is thoroughly coated with asphalt makes it impossible for the water to reach the Vinterior of said shell. the'inside layer of asphalt being so thoroughly protected 'bytheshelh .such layer will remain effective even after serious injury to or.

deterioration of theshell itself.

Byreason of. nally lthroughout 4its What I claim is:

l. A reinforced concrete Ipile wherein the water line part thereof comprises an exterior shell lof denser concrete thanl the body, said shell having mlongitudinal reinforcement Awhose endsl are embedded iii the concrete of the body.

2. A reinforced kconcrete pile comprising an elongated body portion and a reinforced n concrete enclosing shell of .denser `concrete than said body, said shell terminating short lof yeach endy of `said body but extend-ing through the region of maximum crossbending stress `ofthe pile considered -as a beam and through Ythe normal range ofthe level of 3. A reinforced concrete pile wherein the i water line part ythereof comprises an exterior shell of denser concrete than the body, said shell constituting .a `mold for the body and being coated inside and outside with aplastic material -that is resistant to the action of salt water. i i i f4. The process of making reinforced 'concrete piles which consists in first forming and hardeninga reinforced hollow shell with reinforcing members exte-ndingbeyond the ends thereof, coatingsaid shell inside andioutside with a thick layer of bituminous matter .and thencasting the body portion ofsuch pile in a form of which ysaidjshel'l constitutes the portion iii'which the water-line portion of the pile is cast. y Y

5. A portable reinforced concrete pile wherein the water line partthereofcomprises an exterior she'll offdenser vconcrete than the body, said shell extending through t-lie region of maximum cross'bending stress of the pile kconsidered as aportable beam and through the normal range of the water level when t-he pile is in situ and terminating short ofthe ground level, said shell constituting a mold forsaid body and being reinforced longitudilength `to resist crossbending'st're'sses.

Signed atLosAngeles, l(alifcirnia, this 6th i dayof'danuary, f f

1 926. .worin coNznLMAN. Y 

